Entering the Bodhisattva Path with Geshe Thubten Soepa: Public Talk and Retreat (part 1)

0:00 Thank you so much for coming. I see a lot of familiar faces. Who is totally new to Shantideva Meditation Center? Is anybody? Report an error in the passage at 0:00 Highlight the passage at 0:00

0:11 No? Yes? Okay. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Hi. So my name is Jennifer. I currently serve as the director of our center and it's really a team of volunteers and supporters and people coming together to make this happen. So we're really fortunate tonight to be able to host Geshe Soepa. All of us are part of a lineage and part of an organization called the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahāyāna Tradition. I think as many of you know our spiritual director is Lama Zopa Rinpoche, a very high being who has a lot of compassion. Report an error in the passage at 0:11 Highlight the passage at 0:11

0:46 Of course that's the topic for us tonight. And our founder was Lama Thubten Yeshe and our spiritual guide and inspiration is His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Report an error in the passage at 0:46 Highlight the passage at 0:46

0:59 People have been working behind the scenes to make this teaching happen. We're so honored to have Gisha Sopa here. He's so humble, so of course he would never talk about himself, but if you look a little bit at his biography, you can see that he's really dedicated his life to the Buddha Dharma. He received his full ordination vows from His Holiness Ling Rinpoche, who is the senior tutor of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and he received his Gisha degree. Report an error in the passage at 0:59 Highlight the passage at 0:59

1:29 Actually in the presence of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and he received his Geshe Lorampa degree which is the highest honor that can be conferred. And Geshe is the term for spiritual friend. So he's really dedicated his life to becoming our spiritual friend. And tonight he will talk about... Cherishing others and the power of compassion. Because English isn't his native language, he asks for help in interpreting and making sure that people understand his words and that will be done by Gus Kutz. Report an error in the passage at 1:29 Highlight the passage at 1:29

2:06 A lot of you know him as our Discovering Buddhism facilitator. Right now he's in the Lincoln Tunnel. Report an error in the passage at 2:06 Highlight the passage at 2:06

2:15 He's coming very soon. So I think Geshe will lead us through some prayers first. So thanks for your patience. And if you're interested to stay for the weekend and haven't already, please just see someone with the name tag or visit us at the registration table at the end and we can get you signed up for the weekend. Report an error in the passage at 2:15 Highlight the passage at 2:15

2:36 So thanks. Thank you. Thank you. Report an error in the passage at 2:36 Highlight the passage at 2:36

2:46 My English without grammar. You know, all time learn. I think I go Germany, Munich, and first I learn German six months. That not work for airport. Airport need English language. Hindi not using, Tibetan not using. Nepali not using, only using English. Then I learn airport language. Report an error in the passage at 2:46 Highlight the passage at 2:46

3:30 I think I was 50 years old, I start. Then later my friend Geshe Tashi, he invite me London, six months over there. Then I learn, I have 42 teacher. Every day, two hours. I don't understand, but just learn. Here now, nearly 60. January, then 60. I can say I'm lucky, or I can say I'm unlucky. Too old. Oh, lucky, not die. Report an error in the passage at 3:30 Highlight the passage at 3:30

4:14 Some people, young time, die. Anyway. I think ghost come, he repeat, then better. Otherwise, my ponon session, inon session, all grammar, funny. Report an error in the passage at 4:14 Highlight the passage at 4:14

4:36 I'm not shy, I can tell. Report an error in the passage at 4:36 Highlight the passage at 4:36

4:42 Yeah, beginning we do, I don't know, you are Buddhist or no Buddhist, doesn't matter. Report an error in the passage at 4:42 Highlight the passage at 4:42

4:54 We recite Duidam Report an error in the passage at 4:54 Highlight the passage at 4:54

5:00 [chanting]

5:05 that three times. That is Pāli language and for Buddhists, Buddhists very important. Even Holiness Dalai Lama he using all. Report an error in the passage at 5:05 Highlight the passage at 5:05

5:27 Oh, but everywhere Buddhist, what say, gathering together. Sri Lanka Buddhist and Thailand and Chinese and Japan and Tibet all together. Then this using this Buddha Sharanam Gacchami, that language Pāli. Buddhist language important Sanskrit Pāli. Buddha he speak. I think that time he speak 46 different language. Report an error in the passage at 5:27 Highlight the passage at 5:27

6:07 Never learn just automatically. Also 46 different letter. In Kanju I saw that. Kanju means Buddha teach him hundred biome. Maybe they have. Buddha speaks. Report an error in the passage at 6:07 Highlight the passage at 6:07

6:30 What to say? 46 different languages. Most popular Buddhist texts, Hinayana, Mahāyāna, Vajrayana, those things. Hinayana sutras, most they have Pāli, Pāli language. I think 40 biomes. Mahāyāna and Vajrayana all together have 108 biome. Biome means you understand, maybe if don't understand, please immediately criticize me. Report an error in the passage at 6:30 Highlight the passage at 6:30

7:13 Make correction. Very helpful that. that yeah yeah Some people understand it, but some people don't understand it, but immediately make it loud. Yeah, 108 Bhajans, all Buddha's teachings. Oh no, Shakyamuni Buddha, he's 55 years old, he became enlightened. Latin. Report an error in the passage at 7:13 Highlight the passage at 7:13

7:51 In testing for religion, I think he started in 29. 29, then he looking solution, you know, he became compassion, he became, what say, he can see or saṃsāra. Then he tried new idea. Report an error in the passage at 7:51 Highlight the passage at 7:51

8:22 Yeah, yeah. Therefore he escaped from palace. He checking that time six different religion. All learn, he not satisfied. Then later himself discovered that four number, two, six, perfection. He teaches all himself understanding. His experience. Anyway, Buddha, he speaks 46 different languages. Also Pāli, Sanskrit, very important. Mahāyāna, Vajrayana, most of these texts in Sanskrit they have. Report an error in the passage at 8:22 Highlight the passage at 8:22

9:14 Also now, long ago translated in China. And also 9th century translated in Tibet. Very good translation. Tibet letter is not old. You know, exactly similar Sanskrit. Sound different, shape different, but translate easy each other, you know, system same. Sound completely different. Yeah. Oh, please. now good, yes, yes. Report an error in the passage at 9:14 Highlight the passage at 9:14

10:06 Yes, that Pāli language, Sanskrit language for Buddhist texts is very important. Then have translation, you know, Tibet, Chinese, they have. Report an error in the passage at 10:06 Highlight the passage at 10:06

10:32 I think full in Tibet language that Buddha's teaching all translate into Tibet, till 108 biome. Yeah, yeah, this, yeah, yeah, I mean just Pāli language we using, Buddha Misharanam, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 10:32 Highlight the passage at 10:32

11:05 Yes, I think you are understanding that. Now we do buddham sharanam. Buddha means wake up, completely ignorant, wake up. Report an error in the passage at 11:05 Highlight the passage at 11:05

11:24 Sharanam means Buddha, he has energy, something, energy. energy means like Like Buddha, your sharanam, your knowledge, your experience helping me, I go from fear to fearless. From fear to fearless. Fearless, yeah, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 11:24 Highlight the passage at 11:24

11:59 [chanting]

12:02 means 22 different meaning. Dharma means peace, Dharma means non-violence and Dharma means beneficial. Report an error in the passage at 12:02 Highlight the passage at 12:02

12:21 Dharma means not allow people become ignorant, don't make ignorant, not allow cheat. do you call it? Beneficial. Report an error in the passage at 12:21 Highlight the passage at 12:21

12:32 know, sometimes quack religion cheat people. Quack. Quack religion cheat people, you know. Quack doctor. Quack doctor, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 12:32 Highlight the passage at 12:32

12:48 Dharma means really religion not allowed people cheat. Dharma means Buddha's experience. Don't believe. Analyze, analyze. Analyze also need analyze. Too much analyze also something not okay. Not analyze just devotion also something wrong. Analyze helps, measurement something. Analyze, you analyze, analyze what Buddha say, what good, what bad, what is reality. Report an error in the passage at 12:48 Highlight the passage at 12:48

13:33 Beneficial, not beneficial, it's work, not work. Analyze. Analyze, also analyze. Otherwise, too much analyze. Yeah, Dharma, Sharanam means Dharma have energy. Gacha means also that makes you from back to go. lying. Report an error in the passage at 13:33 Highlight the passage at 13:33

14:03 Getting better. Report an error in the passage at 14:03 Highlight the passage at 14:03

14:07 Sangam Sharanam. Sanga Sharanam means also like Sanga means some practitioner. That also Hinayana practitioner, Mayana practitioner, Bajayana practitioner they have. Hinayana practitioners against attachment and meditate. Shantideva and Lama Zopa Rinpoche Root of saṃsāra, attachment. Mahāyāna say root of saṃsāra, ignorance. Report an error in the passage at 14:07 Highlight the passage at 14:07

15:11 Must fighting, ignorance. But they also, they don't want become escape from saṃsāra. Because they wanted helping, helping. They need skill, they need courage, they need compassion, very. But they say, if same time being remain, till I remain, not want escape. Report an error in the passage at 15:11 Highlight the passage at 15:11

15:46 Our heart say, I escape, saṃsāra is very danger, I must escape. That Hinayana self more important, self more quickly liberation, you know. Mahāyāna, how much problem have other been beneficial? I can bear, I can go hell, no problem. I want it helping, that is best, good job. That is Mahāyāna, very courage need, good heart. Report an error in the passage at 15:46 Highlight the passage at 15:46

16:26 Vajrayana, basically Mahāyāna, want it helping. But they quickly, especially skill or quickly something get energy, they try. Report an error in the passage at 16:26 Highlight the passage at 16:26

16:44 Vajrayana, something especially meditation, especially death yoga, something wind yoga and something. Then they control mind, ignorant, also ignorant. Mind together have wind. You know Mahāyāna, Hinayana only control mind, mind, mind. Report an error in the passage at 16:44 Highlight the passage at 16:44

17:15 Vajrayana control mind with together wind. Wind control then mind control easier. That different method. But I don't know who doing. Maybe Melarepa doing. Report an error in the passage at 17:15 Highlight the passage at 17:15

17:36 Nobody do difficult job, you know. Even Holiness difficult, Holiness say. He try, try. Anyway, that is different topic. Report an error in the passage at 17:36 Highlight the passage at 17:36

17:57 Vajrayana Saṅgha, Mahāyāna Saṅgha, Hinayana Saṅgha, that is Buddhist, you know. Also okay. topic, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 17:57 Highlight the passage at 17:57

18:09 Buddha means good guide, maximum top quality guide. Guide, you know, teacher or guide, captain or what say? Leader. Leader, yeah. Yeah, maximum qualified guide, you know. That is Buddha. Also, we need also... Report an error in the passage at 18:09 Highlight the passage at 18:09

18:37 Babies and moms are good guides. You know, then immediately can't go to college. First go A, B, C, D, learn. We need many different guides. Yeah, budham sharanam means good guide, helping me. Report an error in the passage at 18:37 Highlight the passage at 18:37

19:00 Good guide also every religion needs, no religion needs. Everybody, every being, even animal also need good guide. Dharma means good education, good experience, maximum top quality but also different need. Saṅgha means good example. Good example, we need example makes more. For example, mom Tessa, mother Tessa, how is she doing? Report an error in the passage at 19:00 Highlight the passage at 19:00

19:38 how is her life in how crazy but every woman same but nobody doing that is a good example you know yeah example need many good example need yeah good guide good ex-education good example Buddha means good doctor. Dharma means. Perfect medicine. Saṅgha means like nurse or helping people. We are sick people. What sick we have? Attachment sick, extreme view sick, wrong view sick. Report an error in the passage at 19:38 Highlight the passage at 19:38

20:27 We don't understand. Everybody have ignorance. How this sickness, how to... Therefore we need good doctor. Good guide, good medicine, good education or good practice or experience, good companion or good example. Report an error in the passage at 20:27 Highlight the passage at 20:27

20:54 Meaning like Buddha, Report an error in the passage at 20:54 Highlight the passage at 20:54

20:56 [chanting]

21:00 Meaning like, meaning understanding, then easier. Buddhists, non-Buddhists, all something have good example, good guide, good. good experience. Everybody can do So Geshe-la was explaining that in Tibet, they have the... complete teachings of the Buddha, you know, from all the different levels, they all got translated into Tibetan, and it's presented in 108 volumes, everything that the Buddha taught. Report an error in the passage at 21:00 Highlight the passage at 21:00

21:51 And then Geshe-la was saying, though, that we say the, Geshe-la likes to follow the tradition of saying the refuge formula in Pāli, which is the language that was spoken by the Buddha. And Geshe-la was explaining each piece of that formula that we recite and what it means. So... In the first place, when we say Budam, Sharanam, Gacchami, Budam is referring to the Buddha. And the easiest way to understand what Buddha means, Buddha just means awakened, completely awakened from ignorance. Report an error in the passage at 21:51 Highlight the passage at 21:51

22:22 Another way to explain what Buddha means is a guide. It's the perfect guide, the highest, the most beneficial, highest possible guide. Report an error in the passage at 22:22 Highlight the passage at 22:22

22:33 And then there's also the metaphor of ourselves as sick patients with the sicknesses of attachment, the sicknesses of extreme view, the sicknesses of distorted view. And in that context, Buddha would be the doctor, the best possible doctor. And then Sharana means has a real quality, a real power in this case to help. Report an error in the passage at 22:33 Highlight the passage at 22:33

22:59 And Gacchami means I go. From a place of fear to a place of fearlessness, from a place that's bad to a place that's good, I go in an improving fashion. So that's the meaning of Budham Sharanam Gacchami. Then the next piece, which is Dhammam. Dhammam is referring to Dharma and Dharma has 22 different meanings. It means, for example, peace or it means not harming others. Report an error in the passage at 22:59 Highlight the passage at 22:59

23:26 It means... It's as if it were like the true religion, you know, Geshe-la was saying like a quack religion. If you follow a quack religion, then you can cheat others, you can fool others. But if you follow a true religion, then you can't do that. You can't harm others, you can't cheat others, you can't add to others' ignorance. Report an error in the passage at 23:26 Highlight the passage at 23:26

23:47 So Dhammam, Dharma is a real experience, a true experience. It's like a good education. And again, if you use the metaphor of ourselves having an illness, Dharma in that context would be the perfect medicine. And Sharanam, again, having a good quality, a real power to help, Gatchami, again, we go in an improving direction. Report an error in the passage at 23:47 Highlight the passage at 23:47

24:12 And then the third piece is Report an error in the passage at 24:12 Highlight the passage at 24:12

24:15 [chanting]

24:19 is referring to the Saṅgha, which is... Those who can serve as examples to us, those who can be our companions on the path as we try to improve. And in the metaphor of the illness, they would be like the nurses. Report an error in the passage at 24:19 Highlight the passage at 24:19

24:38 So, you know, Geshe was saying we all need good examples. You know, he brought up the example of Mother Teresa, who he says, you know, all women are alike. It's not that she had something special. But she was doing something that very few other people are doing. So she's a good example to us. She's a very good example to us. And so again, those who can serve as an example and who have that real power, that real experience, we go in a positive direction. Report an error in the passage at 24:38 Highlight the passage at 24:38

25:16 Geshe-la was explaining that direction. Report an error in the passage at 25:16 Highlight the passage at 25:16

25:19 Saṅgha exists at all levels of Buddhism. In Hinayana, which is the first level of practice, those who practice at that level are trying to get rid of attachment, trying to get rid of the afflictions in their mind so that they can escape. They see how dangerous saṃsāra is, how painful saṃsāra is, and their goal is to just get out as quickly as they possibly can. The focus there is, the bulk of the focus is on the self and how can I get out. Report an error in the passage at 25:19 Highlight the passage at 25:19

25:51 But they have Buddha, they have Dharma, they have Saṅgha. Then the next level is the Mahāyāna level. And on that level, the emphasis changes. to compassion. Compassion is seen as the most important piece. And of course, we still want to fight the afflictions. We still want to get out of saṃsāra. But the attitude in Mahāyāna is, as long as there are people suffering, I need to stick around to help. Report an error in the passage at 25:51 Highlight the passage at 25:51

26:18 I don't want to just escape from saṃsāra. I need to be here. I need to help. No matter what problems others have, as long as they can be beneficial, I will stay. And that takes a tremendous amount of courage. And then, Report an error in the passage at 26:18 Highlight the passage at 26:18

26:34 Another level, which is actually a piece of Mahāyāna, is called Vajrayana. So again, there still the emphasis is on compassion, but Vajrayana is making use of special methods to make the process a lot faster. So whereas in both Hinayana and Mahāyāna, in both of those levels, we're only working with the mind. Report an error in the passage at 26:34 Highlight the passage at 26:34

26:59 At the Vajrayana level, we're also working with what's known as the subtle winds, which are forms of subtle energy that are connected to the mind. And by working with those winds, we can achieve a lot of effects a lot faster. And then, of course, Geshe-la points out... That this is in theory because if you look around and say who's really able to do this, who's really practicing this, says well maybe Milarepa, you know, who's a famous saint from ancient Tibet. Report an error in the passage at 26:59 Highlight the passage at 26:59

27:31 Geshe-la points out even His Holiness the Dalai Lama says it's very difficult for him, says I try and I try, it's very difficult. But that's the idea anyway of Vajrayana. Geshe-la also pointed out another interesting piece which is that in Hinayana, the main The main cause of saṃsāra is said to be attachment, whereas in Mahāyāna, which includes Vajrayana, the main cause of saṃsāra is said to be ignorance. Report an error in the passage at 27:31 Highlight the passage at 27:31

28:00 So that's also a distinction there. And then Geshe-la was pointing out that all of us need these three elements. All of us need a guide. All of us need a perfect... Experience a perfect education and all of us need companions who are perfect examples, no matter what our religion is and no matter if we have no religion. Report an error in the passage at 28:00 Highlight the passage at 28:00

28:24 And at different levels, we'll need a different level of a guide. So, for example, Geshe-la was saying, you know, when you're a baby, it's way too soon to be guided by a college professor. You know, at that level, the best guide is your mother. And so as you progress, you need guides at different levels, you need examples at different levels and so forth. But no matter who you are, no matter if you have a religion, you don't have a religion, what religion you have or even animals, we all need a good guide, we all need a good experience. Report an error in the passage at 28:24 Highlight the passage at 28:24

29:01 We all need good examples. And so Geshe-la is saying that this formula, this refuge formula, even though it's coming from the Buddhist tradition, is something that can really easily, without any conflict, be applied by anybody, Buddhist or not Buddhist. And in fact in some schools in India, Geshe-la was saying, everybody will recite this formula together, even though they have many different traditions, because it's a very universal need. Report an error in the passage at 29:01 Highlight the passage at 29:01

29:28 Thank you. Report an error in the passage at 29:28 Highlight the passage at 29:28

29:31 Yes, also refuge, that is big power. If sometimes sick or sometimes danger, and they call Buddha name, Dharma name, Saṅgha name, some holy, real reality holy, not only Buddhist holy, other religion also have holy. Yeah, who call is okay. You know. If children have problems, then they're calling mom, mama, something say similar. Animals also have problems, they're calling mom and their companion, you know. Report an error in the passage at 29:31 Highlight the passage at 29:31

30:14 Yeah, that is similar. They're calling Buddha, you know, we call Buddha. Report an error in the passage at 30:14 Highlight the passage at 30:14

30:25 I remember some very funny story, but we don't make time. Report an error in the passage at 30:25 Highlight the passage at 30:25

30:35 Bhutan say Muslim God is deaf. They are calling very loudly. Without Report an error in the passage at 30:35 Highlight the passage at 30:35

30:51 loudly, he can't hear. Report an error in the passage at 30:51 Highlight the passage at 30:51

30:57 Similar, they joke. They really tell. town. Report an error in the passage at 30:57 Highlight the passage at 30:57

· · · silence, 1 minute

31:04 Anyway, we must have problem call Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha. This life also helping. Also, yeah, you can call God, you can call Jesus, you can call, it's okay, good one you can call. Report an error in the passage at 31:04 Highlight the passage at 31:04

31:24 Hopefully some changing. Yeah, Buddhists they say, this life have problem, only call Tara also okay. Chenrezig is also okay. The story, one tiger come, one young daughter, she take flower, but tiger being, what say, biting, but she know Chenrezig, she call Chenrezig. But tiger not eat, she put in downtown. No, no, no eat. Report an error in the passage at 31:24 Highlight the passage at 31:24

32:09 Yeah, that story sometime happened. Anyway, Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha call in house danger and something danger helping. Also long ago in, what say, ship or boat. Ship or boat, yeah. And animal come and storm come, big problem. Then they're calling. Buddha or some story they are calling Arhat, then become strong, peace, calm. Report an error in the passage at 32:09 Highlight the passage at 32:09

32:52 Yeah, that Buddha, Dharma, Saṅgha call or offering also good. Sometime you something eat, all holy beings offering. Yeah, also something similar logic, some beneficial. that has That maybe understanding. Do you understand? Yes. That good. We do now repeat. You imitate me. Report an error in the passage at 32:52 Highlight the passage at 32:52

33:27 Bhudam, sharanam, gacchami, damam, Report an error in the passage at 33:27 Highlight the passage at 33:27

33:43 [chanting]

34:09 Budam, Sharanam, Gacchami, Damam. Satsang Mooji Report an error in the passage at 34:09 Highlight the passage at 34:09

34:27 Thank you. I think this is powerful. If you have some problem, you can recite something helping. Yes, Report an error in the passage at 34:27 Highlight the passage at 34:27

34:45 today we main topic was Report an error in the passage at 34:45 Highlight the passage at 34:45

34:52 same. hmm, like Compassion, loving-kindness, chasing others, that is really, yes, Report an error in the passage at 34:52 Highlight the passage at 34:52

35:15 chasing others, that topic, important we must learn and bhaktis, both need. Without learning, practice is also difficult. Just learn and never practice. Also need to practice and learn together. Learn very familiar this thinking and also try. Report an error in the passage at 35:15 Highlight the passage at 35:15

35:55 So Geshe-la is saying, you know, so tonight's topic is about caring about others, you know. and kindness and things like that. He is saying that it's very important that we have two elements involved in that. One is learning about it and the other is actually practicing. Because trying to practice without having learned becomes very tricky, very difficult to do. At the same time, trying to learn without practicing is very limited in terms of the benefit. Report an error in the passage at 35:55 Highlight the passage at 35:55

36:29 We need to try both things, learning, becoming more and more familiar with the subject and at the same time trying to put it into practice. Yes, compassion is all religion telling, Buddhist telling, Hindu telling, Christian telling. I think every religion, they respect compassion. That is good. Report an error in the passage at 36:29 Highlight the passage at 36:29

36:59 is more to Doing compassion, that is religion, more beneficial. Also beneficial reality, also sometimes not same. Not reality but still big beneficial, you know. That is Buddhist point Report an error in the passage at 36:59 Highlight the passage at 36:59

37:27 of view. What's that? Report an error in the passage at 37:27 Highlight the passage at 37:27

37:35 Perception? Perception, yeah, yeah. Buddhist perception or view, they say need reality to lie. Beneficial, of course, important. If no reality, beneficial, but good. One day you get problem. If that is no reality, if reality beneficial, then good. Number one, we try reality need, what you believe, what you practice, what you doing, that is reality and beneficial need. Report an error in the passage at 37:35 Highlight the passage at 37:35

38:19 Yeah, yeah. So, all religions teach compassion, you know, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, they all teach compassion. And in fact, whichever religion happens to be the one that's teaching, Compassion the best, then that's the best religion. That's how central compassion is. And from the Buddhist point of view, you can say that some things are not exactly in accord with reality, but they're still beneficial. Report an error in the passage at 38:19 Highlight the passage at 38:19

38:51 So that's fine. Okay, so maybe it's a little iffy exactly how real a certain perspective might be, but as long as it's beneficial, that's fine. Still, from the Buddhist point of view, If something is beneficial but is not realistic then it's just a matter of time before you run into trouble. So from the Buddhist point of view the very best thing to do, the very best thing to study, familiarize yourself and practice is that which is both beneficial and in accord with reality. Report an error in the passage at 38:51 Highlight the passage at 38:51

39:26 yes. Report an error in the passage at 39:26 Highlight the passage at 39:26

39:33 We must learn loving kindness, compassion. That is good. Religion, non-religion, all need. This is, I think, very, very... Compassion is more important than God. Report an error in the passage at 39:33 Highlight the passage at 39:33

39:57 Compassion helping us, you know. We baby them, mom and father, mother, sister, daughter. Helping us, you know, without them, they have no compassion, they're not helping, you know. Compassion protects us. We, no sick, everything okay, but then we forget the protection. But if you ill, you become old, you have problem, they'll need helping other people. Report an error in the passage at 39:57 Highlight the passage at 39:57

40:34 Other people need compassion. Without compassion, no one is helping. Compassion is helping everybody. Report an error in the passage at 40:34 Highlight the passage at 40:34

40:48 Compassion is more important than Buddha and more important than God. Compassion is helping. everybody. Compassion. Report an error in the passage at 40:48 Highlight the passage at 40:48

41:03 I don't know God and Buddha, I can't see. Compassion, I can see some people have good heart, good compassion. That's helping me. That is helping. Compassion is like that. Compassion is must learn. We each other need compassion. Compassion also... Have limitation compassion, limitless compassion, great compassion. Compassion also many type compassion. Report an error in the passage at 41:03 Highlight the passage at 41:03

41:44 Great compassion is Buddhist Mayan telling. That is, I think, very huge one or maximum top quality one. Great compassion. We try, but we all living being have. compassion Report an error in the passage at 41:44 Highlight the passage at 41:44

42:06 limitation compassion, compassion, but sometimes very dangerous, limitation compassion, limited compassion. compassion, wanted to help my children or my son, must kill other fish or something, I give them, You know. know. Lama Tsongkhapa Report an error in the passage at 42:06 Highlight the passage at 42:06

42:51 limitation compassion then you know compassion have wood reason Some people... Bodhisattva Chayawattara said, some people had a headache. You wanted to give medicine. That is compassion. You get a lot of merit. But that time not danger. Not doing other cheating, other killing. Report an error in the passage at 42:51 Highlight the passage at 42:51

43:29 But wanted to give medicine, you know. But that also limitation compassion, but limitation compassion sometimes danger. I wanted my party, I don't want to help them. That is limitation artistic mind or limitation compassion, you know. Report an error in the passage at 43:29 Highlight the passage at 43:29

43:57 Limitless need, limitless we must learn. All living beings, different body, different shape, different eye, different ear, different past, but some have tail, some have no tail, but we are all in the same situation. They want it happy, they don't want it suffering, you know. Report an error in the passage at 43:57 Highlight the passage at 43:57

44:28 is their... Report an error in the passage at 44:28 Highlight the passage at 44:28

44:32 They have compassion. Yeah, they are ignorant. We all have ignorance. We are stubborn. We don't know. We wanted good one. Everybody wanted good, but we are ignorant, you know. Report an error in the passage at 44:32 Highlight the passage at 44:32

44:53 But same, same, same, same. That need, this thinking must learn. learn. Report an error in the passage at 44:53 Highlight the passage at 44:53

45:03 If you helping without harming help, loving kindness means like, loving kindness, compassion quite similar. Compassion wanted or say, expel problem or compassion wanted eliminated problem, suffering, you know. Report an error in the passage at 45:03 Highlight the passage at 45:03

45:35 Overcome suffering? Overcome suffering. Yeah. Loving kind is wanted. They're happy. They're happy. They're happy. I would like you make happy. Everybody make happy. You know, I may all have happy. Something prayer, some wish, some also directly doing, indirectly doing. making happy you know, making, why? Report an error in the passage at 45:35 Highlight the passage at 45:35

46:10 I must help, I must uproot this suffering. That is compassion, loving kindness. If you have compassion, you have loving kindness. You have loving kindness, you have compassion. But still different mind, different... If you have compassion, definitely you have loving-kindness. Report an error in the passage at 46:10 Highlight the passage at 46:10

46:45 If you have compassion, Report an error in the passage at 46:45 Highlight the passage at 46:45

46:57 you have no loving-kindness. That is impossible. kind is the way of compassion. That is a... Report an error in the passage at 46:57 Highlight the passage at 46:57

47:01 It's impossible. Report an error in the passage at 47:01 Highlight the passage at 47:01

47:04 Yeah, yeah. Compassion. Yeah, limitless compassion we must learn first. Limitless compassion Buddhists also have, non-Buddhists also have, Hindu also have limitless compassion. Many religions have. Many religions have compassion but sometimes limitation compassion, limited compassion. But greater compassion than more. Report an error in the passage at 47:04 Highlight the passage at 47:04

47:40 More motivation, more intention, greater compassion. More intention? Yeah, yeah. I will tell later better. I think now, yeah, we must learn limitless compassion, limit, immeasurable, immeasurable loving kindness, immeasurable. Immeasurable compassion, immeasurable equanimity, immeasurable... Report an error in the passage at 47:40 Highlight the passage at 47:40

48:09 That is, yeah, one have other possible you have. If only one have three without, then impossible, you know. Like that is same group, yeah. Thank you. Report an error in the passage at 48:09 Highlight the passage at 48:09

48:35 So, Geshe was saying, you know, we all need compassion. We all need compassion. If our mother didn't have compassion for us, if those who raised us or who helped raise us didn't have compassion for us, then they wouldn't have helped us and we couldn't be here. So, in fact, you Report an error in the passage at 48:35 Highlight the passage at 48:35

49:01 Whether Buddha is helping or not, it's hard to say. I can't see Buddha. But you can see that other people's compassion helps you. You can see that directly. And, of course, there's different levels of compassion. You know, there's a limited compassion, and there's limitless compassion. And then there are other levels even beyond. Report an error in the passage at 49:01 Highlight the passage at 49:01

49:22 Lama Tsongkhapa, Shantideva, His Holiness the Dalai Lama So it's still, even though there's a dangerous side to it, even though it is compassion and there is benefit to it, and then even sometimes limited compassion in some cases doesn't even have a harmful side at all. Like if somebody has a headache and you want to relieve them of the headache and so you want to give them medicine for that, that is limited compassion, but there's no downside. Report an error in the passage at 49:22 Highlight the passage at 49:22

50:06 You're just trying to give medicine. You're just trying to make things better. Lama Tsongkhapa Have one shape, others have a different shape, different faces, different ears. That's all different, but we are all the same in wanting to be helped and not wanting suffering. So that's something that we need to really familiarize ourselves with that way of thinking in order to attain limitless compassion. Report an error in the passage at 50:06 Highlight the passage at 50:06

51:00 And limitless compassion is something that's taught in many religions. Some religions teach limited compassion. Some religions teach limitless compassion. compassion, but it's not something Report an error in the passage at 51:00 Highlight the passage at 51:00

51:12 there's a distinction between compassion on the one hand and loving kindness on the other hand. They're very close, they're very similar, but there is a slight distinction in them in that compassion means wanting to remove suffering where it exists, wanting to uproot suffering. Wherever you see suffering, there I need to help, there I need to remove that. Loving kindness is wanting... Report an error in the passage at 51:12 Highlight the passage at 51:12

51:38 To create happiness, wanting people to be happy. So there is that distinction. They are two different minds according to Buddhist philosophy. And at the same time, you can't have one without the other. It's impossible to have compassion and loving kindness or vice versa. They kind of go together. And then even more broadly, when you speak of limitless or immeasurable compassion, immeasurable loving kindness, there's also a concept of immeasurable equanimity and immeasurable joy, rejoicing in the happiness of others, for example. Report an error in the passage at 51:38 Highlight the passage at 51:38

52:19 again, even though those are four distinct things, they come as a set, they come as a group. You can't have one without the others. Report an error in the passage at 52:19 Highlight the passage at 52:19

52:34 Yeah, we say may all sentient beings have Happiness or unhappy being have happiness. We say that happy means without harming happy allowed. Report an error in the passage at 52:34 Highlight the passage at 52:34

52:59 With harm, happy no allowed. Not Lama. If you have happy, other one have problem, not allowed. That happy. Happy allowed, you have happy rights. Not allowed harm other being. Without harming happy rights, okay. Happy rights? Human rights. Right to happiness. Right to happiness. Right to happiness. Yeah, yeah. Like entitled to having the right. Report an error in the passage at 52:59 Highlight the passage at 52:59

53:35 They say, human rights. Yes, yes, like that. Yeah, yeah. Human rights, happy rights. Happiness rights. Yeah, happiness rights. We don't have that term, but it works. Ah, yeah. Happiness rights, allowed happiness rights, but without harming happiness rights, okay. With harm, then these rights, no, okay. Yeah, yeah. That is, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 53:35 Highlight the passage at 53:35

54:12 'all Happy means feeling, feeling, feel, feeling and sometimes misunderstanding. Attachment is no, attachment, happy, different. Angry, suffering, different. Report an error in the passage at 54:12 Highlight the passage at 54:12

54:40 Suffering is feeling. Suffering bring angry. Happy bring attachment. or grasping, clinging, attachment give up, happy not need give up, happy also without harming happy, Report an error in the passage at 54:40 Highlight the passage at 54:40

55:00 also happy many happy you know, with harming happy, without harming happy, or contaminated happy, uncontaminated happy, so many kind of happy. We have no uncontaminated happy. Report an error in the passage at 55:00 Highlight the passage at 55:00

55:23 Uncontaminated happy is like we all living being have Buddha nature primordially pure mind. Primordially. Yeah, primordially pure mind, nature mind, uncontaminated mind. is out great happy. happy we covering you know we know using but have but never disappear anyway now my topic again Report an error in the passage at 55:23 Highlight the passage at 55:23

56:02 Happy attachment difference. Attachment must give up. That is delusion. Report an error in the passage at 56:02 Highlight the passage at 56:02

56:16 is... Different, no delusion, happy feeling is no delusion, suffering feeling is no delusion. Suffering feeling is like karma's result, no karma, karma's result. Suffering, you know, sick or that is no karma, that is karma's result. You purpose life something, heat or deed, cheat, that result coming, you know. Report an error in the passage at 56:16 Highlight the passage at 56:16

56:46 You became happy, that is previous life you did generous or something helping or this result you became happy. Happy no karma, suffering is no karma. That is karma's result. Karma's result is no karma. Karma means causes, seed or something like. Yeah, anger. Report an error in the passage at 56:46 Highlight the passage at 56:46

57:18 You are suffering, you not bring anger. That is must you deep, this between need maintaining or concentration or wisdom, something need. We have sometime very, very suffering, you know, unhappy or something. That bring angry. Angry later come. First you have unhappy or suffering, then second being big, angry or that between you need idea, you know, that is a Dharma practice, this between go or something meditation or wisdom or analyze or you need between. Report an error in the passage at 57:18 Highlight the passage at 57:18

58:14 Also you get happy and Happy bring attachment. This between have bhakti or wisdom or how to control or that they need. Happy and attachment different. Something and anger, angry different. Therefore important we need must learn detail what is attachment. What is angry? How this causes condition? What is this antidote? Report an error in the passage at 58:14 Highlight the passage at 58:14

59:01 Possible perfect antidote have or no existing. That is important. important. The study that is a Buddhist, they tell in detail attachment recognized and anger recognized, jealous recognized, proud recognized, ignorant recognized. Ignorant have many different type ignorant, you know, fundamental ignorant or first ignorant. Report an error in the passage at 59:01 Highlight the passage at 59:01

59:45 Yeah, ignorance also many, ignorance means one, but still check ignorance, lot, different antidote need. That is really, really Dharma, Dharma learning or Dharma try, you know. Dharma means only ritual, ritual nice, but not much, you know. Dharma means that kind things, points, learn, you know, detail learn. It's a, yeah, yeah, anyway, my topic, where are we? Report an error in the passage at 59:45 Highlight the passage at 59:45

1:00:32 I say loving kindness, I wish all sentient beings all happiness. Happiness means means with minimum without harming happy that you must know harming and cheating happy no okay I wish all sentient beings have harming happy never say without harming happy or best uncontaminated happy soon get that is Report an error in the passage at 1:00:32 Highlight the passage at 1:00:32

1:01:19 Yeah, some highs, you know. Yeah, like that loving kindness and also compassion, limitless compassion, all many religions have, not only particular Buddhists. Buddhists, especially Mahāyāna, they're telling, Great compassion. Great compassion means all living beings, hell, you know, all your friends, your worst enemy, not allowed to give up. Report an error in the passage at 1:01:19 Highlight the passage at 1:01:19

1:02:08 Everything include, not single one exclude. All then wanted. Report an error in the passage at 1:02:08 Highlight the passage at 1:02:08

1:02:22 From three types of suffering. That is a great compassion. Also, not only this life, every life. That is biggest compassion. This compassion that Buddhist texts say, not only Buddhists. compassion you know Report an error in the passage at 1:02:22 Highlight the passage at 1:02:22

1:02:55 Some people have been in hell. Shakyamuni Buddha, his previous life, previous life, previous life, previous life, he was hell. He can see his companion, he get great compassion. Beginning in hell, immediately negative purify. Great compassion, compassion come, you immediately purify. He immediately purified, had life finished. He passed away, reborn in heaven. That is his biography, his story, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:02:55 Highlight the passage at 1:02:55

1:03:36 Compassion, great compassion is like that much power. Immediately something changing. Also good healing. If you have really good compassion, you are sick, healed. Report an error in the passage at 1:03:36 Highlight the passage at 1:03:36

1:03:56 Yeah, medicine, of course, but sometimes without, what say, medicine doesn't help, then nothing to do. You need compassion. Bhakti is the best. Yeah, that is it. Compassion have one minute changing. Great compassion and limitless compassion, that is a big power. Report an error in the passage at 1:03:56 Highlight the passage at 1:03:56

1:04:26 For you, very helpful. Of course, for them, very helpful. You're not allowed for compassion, practice and my beneficial. That intention, motivation, not allowed. Completely other no suffering, other happiness, that okay, me no take care. No me for my... Report an error in the passage at 1:04:26 Highlight the passage at 1:04:26

1:04:57 My beneficial, that is my anahu. If you wanted, I am liberation, my beneficial, then you became hinayana. But still no bad. But my anahu is more crazy, you know. Hinayana, not much crazy, but still intelligent, escape, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:04:57 Highlight the passage at 1:04:57

1:05:23 Please. Report an error in the passage at 1:05:23 Highlight the passage at 1:05:23

1:05:28 When we have this wish of loving kindness, that we want all beings to be happy, we need to be mindful of the idea that we want that to happen in a context where they're not gaining their happiness by harming others. Because there's different types of happiness that we can have. One type of happiness is whatever happiness we get in such a way that we're harming others, we're cheating others. Report an error in the passage at 1:05:28 Highlight the passage at 1:05:28

1:05:57 But then another type of happiness is the happiness that we have that we're not hurting anybody else. So from that perspective, it makes a lot of sense to talk about, as Geshe kind of coined the term, I guess, happiness rights. Kind of like we have human rights, we can have happiness rights. We can really fight for our happiness rights so long as those are not harming anybody else. Then there's also the distinction between... Report an error in the passage at 1:05:57 Highlight the passage at 1:05:57

1:06:25 contaminated happiness and uncontaminated Report an error in the passage at 1:06:25 Highlight the passage at 1:06:25

1:06:39 Buddha nature, you know, that which we have, all sentient beings have in them that has the power to become enlightened, to become limitless. And that right now we're not really using that. We all have it in us. We can't lose it. But we're not really putting it to use. When that is really kind of let out, when that manifests, when that's put to use, then that's the highest happiness possible. Report an error in the passage at 1:06:39 Highlight the passage at 1:06:39

1:07:05 And that's uncontaminated happiness. Report an error in the passage at 1:07:05 Highlight the passage at 1:07:05

1:07:10 So we want to strive, at the very least, for a happiness that isn't harming anybody else. happiness. Report an error in the passage at 1:07:10 Highlight the passage at 1:07:10

1:07:22 to strive for that uncontaminated happiness. And one distinction that's important to make is sometimes we think that happiness is the same as attachment or that suffering is the same as anger. And that's not really true. In the Buddhist presentation... Happiness and unhappiness Report an error in the passage at 1:07:22 Highlight the passage at 1:07:22

1:08:15 attachment, like aversion, and so on. Another point is that happiness and unhappiness are not karma. They are the results of karma. When we feel unhappiness, when we have a problem that makes us unhappy, that is the result of some negative karma we've done in the past. When we have happiness, when we have comfort, that is the result of some positive action we've done in the past. But the happiness itself, the anger itself, is not karma. Report an error in the passage at 1:08:15 Highlight the passage at 1:08:15

1:08:43 you. So the goal is certainly not to give up happiness. The goal is to experience happiness without attachment because the way we normally go about it is happiness arises first and then subsequent to that attachment arises to whatever we think is bringing us that happiness. Or on the other hand, unhappiness arises, suffering arises and then subsequent to that, anger arises at whatever it is that we think is bringing us that suffering. Report an error in the passage at 1:08:43 Highlight the passage at 1:08:43

1:09:14 So the key is that there's a space in between those two moments when the feeling arises and the affliction follows. So it's in that space, it's in that in-between time that we can apply the Buddhist methods. So that's when we can apply to apply mind training techniques. That's when we can apply concentration, that's when we can apply wisdom in order to be able to experience happiness without attachment and to be able to experience while we must suffering without anger. Report an error in the passage at 1:09:14 Highlight the passage at 1:09:14

1:09:55 And so Geshe-la was explaining that beyond limitless compassion, There's even a concept of what's called great compassion, which is like limitless compassion in that it takes as its object all sentient beings everywhere, the hell beings and your worst enemy, everybody with no exception. But it's distinguished by the fact that it wants all beings to be free from what's called the three types of suffering. Report an error in the passage at 1:09:55 Highlight the passage at 1:09:55

1:10:34 So it's basically all sufferings excluding none. It's not just one type of suffering. And that's as high a level of compassion as you can get. Report an error in the passage at 1:10:34 Highlight the passage at 1:10:34

1:10:45 And when we practice great compassion, that in itself has a tremendous amount of power. So the story is told in the Buddhist biography that many, many, many lives previous to manifesting as the Buddha, He was actually born in hell and it was in that state when he looked around at the suffering of other beings in hell that he first developed great compassion and that is such a powerful thing that the moment he developed that he purified all his negativities, he died in hell and he was reborn in an upper realm. Report an error in the passage at 1:10:45 Highlight the passage at 1:10:45

1:11:27 So the moment we develop great compassion, there's a huge purification that comes with that to the point that it can even help in healing. Report an error in the passage at 1:11:27 Highlight the passage at 1:11:27

1:11:39 If we are very sick, of course we take the medicine, but in those occasions when the medicine can't help, then we really want to focus on practicing great compassion. That has the power to heal. At the same time, As long as we're following a Mahāyāna path, we don't want to go into the practice of great compassion only with the thought of how it's going to benefit ourselves. Report an error in the passage at 1:11:39 Highlight the passage at 1:11:39

1:12:08 Geshe says if our concern is to benefit ourselves in the maximum and fastest possible way, then we should become Hinayana practitioners, which is okay, which is perfectly okay. But if we're practicing from a Mahāyāna perspective, Then we really want the motivation, the intention that's drawing us into the practice to be concerned for all others, all others. Report an error in the passage at 1:12:08 Highlight the passage at 1:12:08

1:12:32 Say, my benefit, I don't care. I need to remove the suffering of all others. That's the Mahāyāna way to practice great compassion. compassion a definition correct compassion get it get it-kindness correct compassion Report an error in the passage at 1:12:32 Highlight the passage at 1:12:32

1:12:54 Shantideva, Shantideva, His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Lama Zopa Rinpoche. Other happiness, not my happiness. That is a great means. Other compassion, loving kindness, sometimes half-half. Sometimes limitation, sometimes limitless. Many times you can understand it. Yeah, that great compassion, 100 % not my beneficial. Report an error in the passage at 1:12:54 Highlight the passage at 1:12:54

1:13:53 100 % Yeah, great loving kindness. Like that, difficult to learn, you know. If that come, good one. How to come, you need reason. You need reason. So many, we can see, we don't want other being helping. Oh, ugly. Oh, I don't want helping them. Their bad behavior, bad doing, they're doing bad, they're drinking tobacco, they're killing each other. Report an error in the passage at 1:13:53 Highlight the passage at 1:13:53

1:14:31 I don't want helping that coming, you know. We difficult generate compassion, you know. How to, that is great compassion. Yeah, really, even more important, enemy, enemy, you know. Also with generous practice, you give something, food or something, helping, medicine or something, all sick beings, even more beneficial, they say. Report an error in the passage at 1:14:31 Highlight the passage at 1:14:31

1:15:09 More beneficial, you give father, you give mother, a special connection. You give enemy. Report an error in the passage at 1:15:09 Highlight the passage at 1:15:09

1:15:24 You give beneficial being. You know some people have big organization, big helping. He ill, she ill, helping that is more beneficial one. One father, mother and also your enemy ill, you must help. That is more hard one but more biggest merit. Report an error in the passage at 1:15:24 Highlight the passage at 1:15:24

1:15:52 Yeah, mama mia. Report an error in the passage at 1:15:52 Highlight the passage at 1:15:52

1:15:58 Yeah, yeah. Something difficult to learn, but the enemy, how to help, you know. That is also like come from passion together. Passion or tolerance together. Yeah, compassion need, compassion with. oh, my God. Report an error in the passage at 1:15:58 Highlight the passage at 1:15:58

1:16:21 Together, six perfection needs. Great compassion, compassion, generous, compassion, morality, compassion, what say, without lazy, joyful effort, compassion, concentration, compassion with wisdom need, compassion with prayer need, wish, Yeah, compassion, great compassion, not only single, great compassion together, six perfection, ten perfection, all need. Report an error in the passage at 1:16:21 Highlight the passage at 1:16:21

1:17:07 Otherwise, how to get it? Yeah, definition, important, with a hundred person, not my beneficial. That important need, great compassion. Other compassion, sometimes mixture, attachment together. Attachment, compassion quite sometimes similar. Attachment helping like, oh I need she, I need he, if he ill, he something problem, then that my problem. Report an error in the passage at 1:17:07 Highlight the passage at 1:17:07

1:17:50 You know, that attachment, you know. Attachment, my beneficiary, or deep motivation, intention, they never say, but intention like my beneficiary. Report an error in the passage at 1:17:50 Highlight the passage at 1:17:50

1:18:08 Compassion is intention, 100 % their beneficiary, not my beneficiary. But sometimes mixed, you know, half attached, half also... compassion Compassion, attachment is friend of compassion, they call. We have no attachment, we don't want helping them. Report an error in the passage at 1:18:08 Highlight the passage at 1:18:08

1:18:40 Compassion, but attachment is deceptive mind, deluded mind. Attachment is 90 % exaggerate something. Yeah. Report an error in the passage at 1:18:40 Highlight the passage at 1:18:40

1:18:55 Anger also 90 % exaggerated. If really detail analyze, you can find this result. Anger, exaggerated. Jealousy, too much exaggerated. Attachment also exaggerated, but we never checking, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:18:55 Highlight the passage at 1:18:55

1:19:20 Attachment arising, we immediately follow. Arising immediately follow, look like animal. But we are human, must check. Animal is nothing to check, you know. They have never go school. But animal have no school. Therefore animal just the natural something understanding that is all. But animal maybe have a school, I don't know. Report an error in the passage at 1:19:20 Highlight the passage at 1:19:20

1:19:56 I make more clean. Report an error in the passage at 1:19:56 Highlight the passage at 1:19:56

1:20:20 Clarify. I make more clean. Carry pie, yeah. Report an error in the passage at 1:20:20 Highlight the passage at 1:20:20

1:20:27 English vocabulary. Typical. Report an error in the passage at 1:20:27 Highlight the passage at 1:20:27

1:20:34 Yes, compassion. Also, if you have great compassion, loving kindness, compassion would together passion need. Without passion, your compassion is only one minute. Then, yeah. 10 minutes later, you don't want. Compassion without passion is difficult. Passion, patience, patience, tolerance is important. That means compassion opposite anger, angry, hatred, hatred, hatred. Report an error in the passage at 1:20:34 Highlight the passage at 1:20:34

1:21:31 It's must know, recognize and how to, how obstacle for compassion. You must to know also miser, miserliness. Yeah, yeah. If you have compassion, you miserly need and difficult help them. Report an error in the passage at 1:21:31 Highlight the passage at 1:21:31

1:22:00 Miserly also not only money. Not only food, maizalini, you are intelligent. You give intelligence. Teach them. If help means immediately money give. No, no, no. You don't need money. You have so many things to give. Yeah, yeah. Anyway, maizalini and morality opposite. What say? Immorality. Report an error in the passage at 1:22:00 Highlight the passage at 1:22:00

1:22:36 Passion opposite anger, also harming mind, and then laziness also. If you have compassion, you are very lazy. But lazy is worst delusion. Report an error in the passage at 1:22:36 Highlight the passage at 1:22:36

1:23:01 Also wrong view, wisdom opposite wrong view. extreme view, your need How to master no opposite, also non-opposite, compassion, like passion. Report an error in the passage at 1:23:01 Highlight the passage at 1:23:01

1:23:41 positive and negative, both must learn. Otherwise, how to generate? Difficult. That things learn try and how arising or Welcome, you say, then you must control them. And something coming. Yeah, please. Report an error in the passage at 1:23:41 Highlight the passage at 1:23:41

1:24:09 So, with great compassion, did I say this already from last time? With great compassion, we want to focus also on our enemies. no, I know, okay, on our enemies, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:24:09 Highlight the passage at 1:24:09

1:24:26 In fact, it's to the point where in the teachings it says that, for example, if you take the example of generosity, of giving, if you want to give, you want to help everybody and it's wonderful. But within that, the most powerful objects, there's a certain set of beings that helping them is the most powerful. So that would include your mother and your father because you have such a close connection to them. Report an error in the passage at 1:24:26 Highlight the passage at 1:24:26

1:24:55 Thank you. Thank you. beings who have been of tremendous help to you in the past. It would also include beings who are in a position where they are of great help to many others, like if they run a very helpful organization and they're in need of something and you help them, that's a tremendously powerful act. Report an error in the passage at 1:24:55 Highlight the passage at 1:24:55

1:25:17 And in that same group, it includes your enemies. enemies. So Helping your enemy is an extremely powerful, positive thing to do in the same way that helping those other beings in those other categories. And of course, as Geshe says, you know, Mamma Mia, it's not easy. It's not easy. Jesus doing that. Yes. He have great compassion. Yes. He did. Report an error in the passage at 1:25:17 Highlight the passage at 1:25:17

1:25:51 Yes, Report an error in the passage at 1:25:51 Highlight the passage at 1:25:51

1:25:55 yes. Good example. Report an error in the passage at 1:25:55 Highlight the passage at 1:25:55

1:26:03 And so part of the definition of great compassion is that it has to be 100 % about others. It can't include the self in that. Because normally most types of compassion we have, it's kind of 50-50. It gets mixed. you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:26:03 Highlight the passage at 1:26:03

1:26:24 For example, most types of compassion that we have come together with attachment. There's a kind of thought that, well, I need him or I need her and they're having this problem so that becomes my problem. So I'm going to help them because really I'm helping myself. So yes, there is some compassion in that. Report an error in the passage at 1:26:24 Highlight the passage at 1:26:24

1:26:50 though we never say that that's our intention out loud, that can often be at the heart of what's motivating us. For something to be great compassion or great loving kindness and so forth, it has to be 100 % about the others. Report an error in the passage at 1:26:50 Highlight the passage at 1:26:50

1:27:08 And great compassion, it needs to be combined with each of the six perfections or in the expanded explanation, expanded explanation each of the ten perfections you know even though sometimes these words are in the singular form makes it seem like it's a single one thing really there's many of them there's a lot if you don't have a lot of it then what makes it so great Geshe-la was saying So you need to have great compassion. Report an error in the passage at 1:27:08 Highlight the passage at 1:27:08

1:27:39 Together with generosity, together with giving. If you're very miserly, then it's very difficult to say that you have great compassion. And miserliness is not just about money. That's what we often think of. But it can be about intelligence, for example, about understanding, about knowledge. If you have a lot of intelligence, if you have a lot of knowledge, then you want to give that to others. You want to share that with others. Report an error in the passage at 1:27:39 Highlight the passage at 1:27:39

1:28:08 So even though sometimes we think like, oh, generosity, okay, I'm going to give money, you know, Geshe says, no, that's not the way to think, you know, you don't need to have money to be generous. There are so many. You can catch it. It's also compassion. Yes, yes. So if you have that skill, if you have the skill of swimming, you know, you can save somebody's life who's drowning. Report an error in the passage at 1:28:08 Highlight the passage at 1:28:08

1:28:32 That's compassion. That's generosity. There are so many things we can give. Great compassion. compassion needs Patience, you and patience is the opposite of anger, the opposite of Shantideva, His Holiness the Dalai Lama needs to come with what in the Buddhist tradition we call joyful perseverance or joyful effort, which is the opposite of laziness. Because if you're very, very, very compassionate, but you're also very lazy, you're not going to get very much done. Report an error in the passage at 1:28:32 Highlight the passage at 1:28:32

1:29:19 In fact, laziness is the worst of But if you have too much compassion, you're automatically busy. I think can't stay. Lazy, I think don't find opportunity. He won't find an opportunity to be lazy if you have great compassion, because there's just too much to do. Report an error in the passage at 1:29:19 Highlight the passage at 1:29:19

1:29:48 Yeah, that means they have compassion, because very busy, you know, but still ill, but still busy, you know. That is compassion making. I think having compassion lets it automatically destroy. Report an error in the passage at 1:29:48 Highlight the passage at 1:29:48

1:30:12 And then great compassion needs to come together with wisdom, with understanding. And great compassion needs to come together with what's sometimes translated as prayer, with wish and aspiration and so on for all the different perfections. Report an error in the passage at 1:30:12 Highlight the passage at 1:30:12

1:30:38 We need to understand when we think about the six perfections, we need to understand both sides. We need to understand the positive side and we need to understand the negative side. So we need to understand what is meant by generosity and then what is meant by miserliness, what's meant by patience, what's meant by anger or a harmful mind and so on for all of them. Report an error in the passage at 1:30:38 Highlight the passage at 1:30:38

1:30:58 We need to understand all of that very well so that we can work with these things and find our way. Yeah, that is important. For not, I think not really Buddhists, everybody need. Report an error in the passage at 1:30:58 Highlight the passage at 1:30:58

1:31:17 Master to know is cool also. What is angry, what is loving kindness, what is harming mind, what result? Yeah, something is opposite. Master to learn. Yeah, yeah, that is it. Buddhist texts, they're telling, but universal education, that is, you don't need to become Buddhist. You must do no attachment, anger, ignorance, also opposite, compassion, loving, kindness, that positive, negative, must learn. Report an error in the passage at 1:31:17 Highlight the passage at 1:31:17

1:32:03 But you don't need, I am Buddhist, I am Buddhist, don't need. What is laziness? What is mazaladi? What is generous? What is harming? What is... Yeah, these things, you know, these things, very good topic, you know, necessary. We have in pool, every living being have insight, attach, ignorant, but not only Buddhists had. Yeah, everybody have had, but then they have attach, anger, jealousy, all compassion, loving kindness, all something need to develop, something expel. Report an error in the passage at 1:32:03 Highlight the passage at 1:32:03

1:33:07 That need necessary, you know, not only Buddhist people. That makes world peace, you know, much harmony. Otherwise, I don't know, then make big problem, you know. That is Holiness, his big mind, he telling that, you know, publicly telling. That is necessary, I think, learn. Report an error in the passage at 1:33:07 Highlight the passage at 1:33:07

1:33:36 Without religion, but religion people had is more, but non-religion people had, had same, you know. Had poison, we have poison, medicine, have same, same, same. We need to develop medicine, mind medicine, mind poison, how to eliminate it, mind poison. We don't know mind poison. We have so many mind poison, mind medicine. How to develop, how to eliminate it, that is important, that is learn and try. Report an error in the passage at 1:33:36 Highlight the passage at 1:33:36

1:34:28 yeah, try, yeah, yeah, that is. Report an error in the passage at 1:34:28 Highlight the passage at 1:34:28

1:34:41 We beginning, we just first only make prayer and wish. I wish, I wish, I wish there no anymore suffering or living being or sentient being something. Just make wish, every day wish many times. And I wish all living being have happy, happy something. Yeah. If they have already happy, without harming happy, wonderful, wonderful, I mean joy, like that poem measurable, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:34:41 Highlight the passage at 1:34:41

1:35:22 I wish people no anymore ignorant, extreme, extreme attachment, extreme angry, extreme religion cheat, political cheat. That people unhappy, you know, became extreme. That people unhappy, then make trouble, you know. They need, they not enough compassion, wisdom, caliber, not enough. I wish they will get compassion, wisdom, perfect wisdom, caliber. Report an error in the passage at 1:35:22 Highlight the passage at 1:35:22

1:36:11 They became... That is just mind training or wish training. slowly slowly something try side or something where they need medicine when need education when it Report an error in the passage at 1:36:11 Highlight the passage at 1:36:11

1:36:34 immediately you can't do Jesus similar Buddha similar can't do you Report an error in the passage at 1:36:34 Highlight the passage at 1:36:34

1:36:43 You immediately can't go to college. You must go, you know, this ABCD learning. You know, step by step, step by step, even you immediately not allowed. Give your eye and your head and your arm, not allowed to give up. Giving practice. Immediately passion also, immediately somebody kill is okay, you kill me, not allowed. Report an error in the passage at 1:36:43 Highlight the passage at 1:36:43

1:37:24 You must need other method. You must, without angry, you must discussion or you must, without angry fight. Report an error in the passage at 1:37:24 Highlight the passage at 1:37:24

1:37:37 Immediately you, whatever you want you do, not allowed. If you have compassion, compassion bhaktis means if you respect loving kindness, you respect compassion, then you... Wanted all living being, you don't want it to give suffering. You have compassion. You don't want it to give suffering. Then you don't kill. You want it, they are happy, you know. They have happy, happiness or happy. Report an error in the passage at 1:37:37 Highlight the passage at 1:37:37

1:38:34 Happiness. Happiness. They have happiness. You want it, really, 100 % want it. That is loving kindness. Then you don't make trouble them. You must help them. That is loving kindness practice. First you killing give up, stealing give up, cheating give up. What say? Rap and rob and robber or robber. What say? Report an error in the passage at 1:38:34 Highlight the passage at 1:38:34

1:39:08 Raping and robbing. Raping, robbing and... Black business or what say? Blackmail or? You know, cheating, you know, business, something sell, you know, lot money, but need government law according, okay. Allow to government, legal business, okay. Illegal business, then no, okay. Something need system, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:39:08 Highlight the passage at 1:39:08

1:39:41 Of course, you also, that is your job, you need something. But illegal, illegal, illegal, then, for example, monk, nun, they're doing that, then no anymore monk, anymore nun. Illegal business, monk, nun, also not allowed. Legal also, if they need something, allowed. Even monk, nun. Report an error in the passage at 1:39:41 Highlight the passage at 1:39:41

1:40:41 you have loving-kindness, Don't eat meat. Is that too much for you? No, because indirectly killing. Directly not killing, but human existing, then me and animal killing. Human buying, you know. If human no existing, animal free. Nobody killing, you know. Then each other killing but very little. Human killing then every day million, million. That undirectly problem, you know, that is reality. Report an error in the passage at 1:40:41 Highlight the passage at 1:40:41

1:41:24 You analyze. Also, yeah, that killing, killing, that is killing include eating meat or that egg or that. Also no good health. Also dirty food. God never eats. God never eats blood. Really, demons eat. Demigods eat. Then they have vision, wrong vision. Then they say, you killed one million people. You became liberation, they say. Wrong vision is coming. Then you war or something doing. Report an error in the passage at 1:41:24 Highlight the passage at 1:41:24

1:42:10 You know, some people devotion make demigod or demon vision. They believe vision. Mother Tessa also believe vision. She heard because God say you must know anymore none. You must help people. That is good something. She have vision. Mahatma Gandhi also have something vision. That is God vision. Sometimes they have devotion, demigod and demon come, then wrong telling. Report an error in the passage at 1:42:10 Highlight the passage at 1:42:10

1:42:54 They think, believe, you know. Then doing very wrong. Vision is three type vision. Good vision, bad, demon, demigod vision. Report an error in the passage at 1:42:54 Highlight the passage at 1:42:54

1:43:10 medicine If you have some medicine, you can see many things. Report an error in the passage at 1:43:10 Highlight the passage at 1:43:10

1:43:22 Anyway, compassion, how to practice? Compassion practice means killing, dealing, giving up. Killing opposite, save other life. You know, children, old people, sick people. Even animals or some Africa, they have so many sick people. Their speech, they need audio, they need medicine, they need education, you know. Report an error in the passage at 1:43:22 Highlight the passage at 1:43:22

1:44:03 That is compassion, bhaktis, you know. Which country need? I don't know. I understand in Africa more people problem, you know. Also, I don't know, South America, Asia, wherever, also America, wherever they need it. Everywhere, yeah, that is compassion practice. Yeah, killing opposite, sad, stealing opposite, yeah, payback or generous, sexual wrongness, mass contact opposite. Report an error in the passage at 1:44:03 Highlight the passage at 1:44:03

1:44:47 You must take some bow or commitment. Need bow? Bow? Yeah, bow. They have different religion. They have bow. And commitment need. Buddhists, they have upasika bow. Upasika? Then they say only he using his wife, she using his husband. but Report an error in the passage at 1:44:47 Highlight the passage at 1:44:47

1:45:16 That vows something have, also other religion maybe have that. Report an error in the passage at 1:45:16 Highlight the passage at 1:45:16

1:45:25 Yeah, lying opposite, you try beneficial, correct. Yeah, yeah. Each negative have each positive. That is practicing, that is compassion, loving kindness practice. I do loving kindness, you must something, no, you killing, that is give up, that is it, still loving kindness. Why you loving kindness, why? Also many reason, Buddhists using reason, all living being is our father, mother, being, sister, being. Report an error in the passage at 1:45:25 Highlight the passage at 1:45:25

1:46:14 Yeah, even one single being, million, million, limitless, my father, my mother, each other did. That reason. Also, Buddhist reason, we are, me and you, no different. My happiness important, similar your happiness important. My problem important how to... Report an error in the passage at 1:46:14 Highlight the passage at 1:46:14

1:46:43 Eliminated. Similar, your problem, my problem more important, your problem less important. No. All same. That is one reason. One reason, only my problem expelled, other problem not expelled, not okay. Like Ebola, similar. You have no Ebola, but you must expel other people. You must help them, otherwise you will soon heal. Report an error in the passage at 1:46:43 Highlight the passage at 1:46:43

1:47:27 is similar. Other have problem, you sure you have problem, you get problem. Yeah, therefore, some reason like that. Buddhist some I help Report an error in the passage at 1:47:27 Highlight the passage at 1:47:27

1:47:46 Shantideva and Buddha, Bodhisattva all enjoy. Therefore I do. Also Kishen, I help, I do, God enjoy. Or something like that. That also other reason. But Buddhist reason most, their situation, you know. Their need helping. Therefore, This reason very strong need, how to, you need analytical concentration. Analytical meditation. Report an error in the passage at 1:47:46 Highlight the passage at 1:47:46

1:48:24 Analytical or living being or this big mind need. Also, if you have good heart, Buddha, Bodhisattva all enjoy. Maybe who is holy, God and Buddhist. Buddhist perspective. Perspective? Perspective, perspective, they don't, Buddha say, not, he don't believe one creator God, but God existing, Hindu God, Shiva, Ram, all, what say, all existing something, Christian God existing. Report an error in the passage at 1:48:24 Highlight the passage at 1:48:24

1:49:12 existing If you pray, something is helping, but no creator. That is Buddhist perspective. Buddhist say, Christian God existing, Hindu God that's existing, Muslim God, I think this God, demigod, we don't know. Also this is different analysis. Report an error in the passage at 1:49:12 Highlight the passage at 1:49:12

1:49:41 God or demigod, which vision come, what they're telling, million people kill telling, then maybe no God, that is. What visions coming, we don't know. Something have vision, they have devotion, you know, too much devotion, no analyze. Then vision come, vision say you must kill that, then that is God or demigod or must check. Report an error in the passage at 1:49:41 Highlight the passage at 1:49:41

1:50:15 Just believe that is God, I have vision, then not okay. You know, that is God or demigod. So many demigod also come. Demigod and hungry ghost. Hungry ghost also make the vision. Sometimes vision is not perfect. Not perfect. Not perfect, yes. Not perfect. Vision is you don't believe. If you have vision, your mind changing positively, maybe that is correct one. Report an error in the passage at 1:50:15 Highlight the passage at 1:50:15

1:50:52 If your mind still attach anger and no changing, something solved, something heard, but no, no correct. Vision make sometime big problem. Devotion and vision not analyze big problem. Anyway. Compassion is, we do compassion, God enjoy, Buddha enjoy, holy being enjoy, also they enjoy. Report an error in the passage at 1:50:52 Highlight the passage at 1:50:52

1:51:23 That, yeah, that reason, you know. Also you have good heart, always successful, this life, all the time. Next slide. If you have always negative mind, harming mind, You know, you are not successful. This life, next life, always many obstacles, many obstacles. That is nature. You know, good heart, people always health better, mind more happy and more successful. Report an error in the passage at 1:51:23 Highlight the passage at 1:51:23

1:52:03 Negative mind, negative mind, pain pull, pain pull, no success. Yeah, God not like, really God not like, maybe them God like, I don't know. Really God not like, really Buddha, the holy being, don't like. If you have harming mind, negative mind, you have good heart, all holy God, Buddha, all living being like, yeah, that look like that. Report an error in the passage at 1:52:03 Highlight the passage at 1:52:03

1:52:41 Yeah, compassion, practice, good heart, important, generate. Good heart, every day try. Good heart, don't need pay, don't need buying. Just good heart, generate, generate, try. Negative mind come, immediately you recognize. Oh, that is not good for me, no helping. Report an error in the passage at 1:52:41 Highlight the passage at 1:52:41

1:53:09 That is obstacle, that is makes me more unlucky. If good hearts come, more you successful, lucky. That is good religion practice. Thank you so much. I tell him a lot. Report an error in the passage at 1:53:09 Highlight the passage at 1:53:09

1:53:36 So Geshe was saying it was usually when, if we were to analyze when attachment comes up, we'd find out that about 90 % of it is an exaggeration, is a distortion, is a lie. If we were to analyze when anger comes up, 90 % of it is a distortion, is a lie. But normally we don't. Normally the moment it comes up, we just follow. Report an error in the passage at 1:53:36 Highlight the passage at 1:53:36

1:53:59 And in that sense we're like animals, you know, but we're not, but we aren't animals, we're human beings, you know, we have the power to analyze these things, to discern these things and to see the reality because animals, they don't have school, they don't have an education, but we have that opportunity. Report an error in the passage at 1:53:59 Highlight the passage at 1:53:59

1:54:19 In fact, these topics, you know, are very important to include in the education. of a child, you know, to understand what is compassion, what is anger, what is laziness, what is joyful perseverance. These are very important things to be included in education. Report an error in the passage at 1:54:19 Highlight the passage at 1:54:19

1:54:42 His Holiness the Dalai Lama says, you know, this is universal education. This isn't something that just Buddhists need because we all have... These poisons in our mind and we all have these medicines in our mind, you know. It's not just inside the Buddhist head that you'll find attachment and aversion. Report an error in the passage at 1:54:42 Highlight the passage at 1:54:42

1:55:02 It's in everybody's head. And so we all need to learn the skills for how to make the, as it were, the mental medicine seeds grow and thrive and how to eliminate the mental poison seeds. seeds. Report an error in the passage at 1:55:02 Highlight the passage at 1:55:02

1:55:21 Now, the important thing is when we start in the beginning, we start with wishing. We think, oh, I wish, I wish that all beings were free from suffering. I wish that all beings had happiness. Whatever beings already have happiness, I rejoice in that. I'm so glad of that. I wish that they had more. And you just leave it at that level. Report an error in the passage at 1:55:21 Highlight the passage at 1:55:21

1:55:40 It is only... Later, when you already have a kind of a basis in that, that you start acting on that, that you start doing, that you start trying to go out and make it happen. Report an error in the passage at 1:55:40 Highlight the passage at 1:55:40

1:55:52 Because we can't start, we can't just immediately jump in and act like Buddha or act like Jesus. In the same way that we can't immediately jump in and go to college, we first need to learn our ABCs and then we progress levels, levels, levels. In the same way, So what we wish, we wish that beings were free from suffering, wish beings were free from ignorance, wish beings were free from extreme views, extreme religious views, all this type of thing because that's really the way to attain world peace. Report an error in the passage at 1:55:52 Highlight the passage at 1:55:52

1:56:37 you know it's uh you know it We normally think that it's somebody else's problem. If somebody else is suffering, if I'm not attached to them, it's their problem, it's not my problem. But the attitude we have to have is similar. It's kind of similar to the attitude we have about the Ebola virus right now, which is, well, I don't have Ebola, but somebody else has Ebola. Report an error in the passage at 1:56:37 Highlight the passage at 1:56:37

1:57:02 It's very important that they be... Shantideva, His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Lama Zopa Rinpoche. myself. You know, there's no such thing as their problem or my problem. It's our problem. So it's similar like that. That's the attitude we need to have about these things. And Geshe-la was also talking about, terms of religion, in terms of visions that we can have, you know, he said there's three types of visions. Report an error in the passage at 1:57:02 Highlight the passage at 1:57:02

1:57:26 There are visions that are really coming from pure beings like gods or Buddhas. And then there are visions that are coming from beings like demigods or hungry ghosts as they're called in Buddhism like spirits as it were and then of course there's visions that come from drugs from biological causes from things not being in balance So it's very important to distinguish because otherwise a vision may appear. Report an error in the passage at 1:57:26 Highlight the passage at 1:57:26

1:58:02 out and kill a million people that's not coming from a Buddha that's not coming from a God, that's coming from some kind of misleading spirit, and that can make all sorts of trouble, so it's very important not to just have faith, you know, because visions Geshe-la was saying, visions are, they can exist, they are possible so the experience might be real but It's very, very important to be very careful and analyze where is this coming from. So we need to always have all of this combined. Report an error in the passage at 1:58:02 Highlight the passage at 1:58:02

1:58:36 Everything needs to come with wisdom. All the six perfections need to be combined. Great compassion needs to be combined with patience, with generosity and on and on and all of that combined with wisdom as well. Report an error in the passage at 1:58:36 Highlight the passage at 1:58:36

1:58:53 Is Report an error in the passage at 1:58:53 Highlight the passage at 1:58:53

1:58:57 that it? Yeah. What am I missing? Report an error in the passage at 1:58:57 Highlight the passage at 1:58:57

1:59:03 Yes, I think ten. Thank you. Thank you very much. I think, you know, try. Good wish important. Negative wish control. Positive wish generate. Then more successful. Report an error in the passage at 1:59:03 Highlight the passage at 1:59:03

1:59:32 Oh, I remembered something Geshe said. It's important. I remember. I'm sorry. Geshe was saying, you know, in order to be able to generate these positive feelings, we need to have a good reason, you know. And so Geshe ran through four reasons that come up in Buddhism. One of the reasons that Buddhists use is we think that all sentient beings have been our fathers and our mothers countless times, each being. Report an error in the passage at 1:59:32 Highlight the passage at 1:59:32

1:59:58 Another reason is, That we understand that there's no actual difference between us. It's just that I don't want problems, I want happiness. It's exactly the same for others. Mine isn't more real, mine isn't more important than others. And that's actually the heart reason. That's the bottom line reason that we use as Buddhists. Then some people also think in terms of... Report an error in the passage at 1:59:58 Highlight the passage at 1:59:58

2:00:22 If I have a good heart, if I have compassion, then the Buddhas rejoice, the gods rejoice, they're happy with me. So if that motivates us, that's great. We can think about it that way. And then another reason is that we do benefit from these positive feelings. Our health is better. Things go well for us. Report an error in the passage at 2:00:22 Highlight the passage at 2:00:22

2:00:42 It's as if it were like luck. Things kind of go our way when we have this. as opposed to if we have a very negative mind then we're always in pain we're always frustrated things never seem to work out for us so these are four types of reason but the main one really the one that underlies it all is to understand that there's no difference in my in terms of my needs for happiness and other beings Thank you. We are dedicated. We are all Report an error in the passage at 2:00:42 Highlight the passage at 2:00:42

2:01:15 all uh... Living sentient beings, this life, next life, all the time, develop our great compassion, great loving kindness and perfect wisdom, concentration. All sentient beings, yeah, develop. And yeah, also all sick people. Report an error in the passage at 2:01:15 Highlight the passage at 2:01:15

2:01:47 Physical sick people, mental sick people, wrong views, they are also changing, get remedy or wisdom or medicine, physical medicine. They become recovered. Recover, ya, Report an error in the passage at 2:01:47 Highlight the passage at 2:01:47

2:02:17 Yeah, Bodhisattva Chaya, what I was saying. All eye-blinds can see dead people, dead beings, all can hear. Report an error in the passage at 2:02:17 Highlight the passage at 2:02:17

2:02:30 All they wanted education, they get education opportunity. All pregnant women, easily baby come. All babies look like Tara similar, Mother Tessa similar, or Jesus similar, Jairus is similar. Reborn, good, Mahatma Gandhi reborn. Yeah, similar, you know, new baby, yeah, could easily reborn. Yeah, also unhappy being old became happy. Yeah, also without Rin, country became Rin. Report an error in the passage at 2:02:30 Highlight the passage at 2:02:30

2:03:17 Yeah, that, so many, yeah, things. We all dedicate that all good holy beings, long life, also big beneficial. Also doctors get intelligent wisdom. They make medicine, new medicine, more sharp, more good medicine. Report an error in the passage at 2:03:17 Highlight the passage at 2:03:17

2:03:51 Yeah, I think many, many dedication. Report an error in the passage at 2:03:51 Highlight the passage at 2:03:51